Window.



No. 739,404. PATENTBD SEPT. 22.1903. 0'. M. EDWARDS.

" WINDOW.

APPLICATION FILED 00129. 1901.

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PATENTED SEPT. 22, 1903. 0. M. EDWARDS.

WINDOW.

I APPLICATION FILED 00T.9, 1901.

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UNITED STATES iatented September 22, 1909;;

OLIVER M. EDWARDS, or SYRACUSE, NEW YORK.

WINDOW.

-SEECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 739,404, dated September 22,1903.

' Application filed butcher 9, 1901. Serial No- 78030. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, OLIVER M. EDWARDS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga, State of New York, have invented-certain new and useful Improvements in Windows, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the drawings accompanying the same.

My invention relates to devices by which the sashes of windows may be held in close relation to the guideways in which they move, means for locking the sash in the closed position, and means for actuating the devices by which the sash is held, 'so as to free the sash in its guideway.

One object of my invention is to provide a window with a holding device which while simple to construct will occupy but small space, and thereby be readily covered from view by the ordinary trim of the car.

Another object is to provide such a holding device having a large holding action upon those portions of the sash which engage with the guidewayin which itmoves; and another object is to provide operating means for sashholding devices which are simple in construction and eflective and convenient in use;.and my invention consists inthe combinations of parts or devices hereinafter set forth,and particularly pointed out in the claims, which form a part of this specification.

I have shown in the drawings different e|n bodiments of my invention; but it is to be.

understood that the invention may take on other forms or embodiments than those shown.

Like letters of reference, whereverthey occur, indicate corresponding parts in the several figures ofv the drawings.

The accompanying three sheets of drawings illustrate certain forms in which my invention may be carried out, and like letters of reference wherever they occur indicate corre sponding parts in all of the figures.

Figure 1 is a front view of a window con taining my invention in one form when applied as seen from the interior of the car with automatic or counterbalancing means indicated and with the holding device and operating means attached to the sash. As thus shown only oneholding device is used, its bearing-surface and the guideway for the sash being formed so that this single holding device gives the sash both an edgewise and sidewise movement in its guideway, as set forth in Letters Patent'No. 562,935, granted to me upon application of John E. Sweet, June 30, 1896. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional View on lines 2 2 of Fig. 1, but on an enlarged scale, with the central portion of the sash broken away. Fig. 3 is alongitudinal view on lines 3 3 ofFig.1,showingson1eofthepartsinfull. Fig.

4. is a front elevation of that part of the sash and the parts attached thereto seenrin Fig. 3. Fig. 5 shows in front elevation a preferred form of constructing the holding device shown in Figs. 1 to 4:. Fig. 6 is an edge view of the device seen in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of this same form of holding de-' vice applied to the sash as seen at the right of Fig. 2. The same operating means may be part fixed] y attached to thesash, as indicated in dotted lines. tion the parts seen in Fig. 10 on line 11 ll Fig. 12 illustrates a modification of I the rail forming a portion of the guideway Fig. 11 shows in, cross-secthereof.

for the sash and which is adj ustable relatively to the holdingdevice and sash, as shown, the

same, to be used, if desired in the place of the corresponding portion OliPOI'BlODS of the guideway seen in Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. 13 shows this adjustable rail in place on the frame of I the window with the holdingdevice and that part of the sash to which such device is at- I cached in longitudinal section. Fig. '14. is a cross-sectional view of'the parts seen in Fig.

13. Fig. 15 illustrates in cross-section any one of the foregoing holding devices attached to the frame of the window, when it may be said to aid in forminga portion of the guideway in which the sash moves. Fig. 15 shows a modified form of stud and opening in the bard. Fig. 16 illustrates in cross-section two of these holding devices attached to the windew-frame in such manner that one bears on the sash at one edge thereof and the other parts in dotted lines.

bears on the opposite edge thereof, the bearing'faces of these holding devices being properly shaped for this purpose, as shown. Fig. 16* shows in elevation the holding device of Fig. 15, showing a part of the window-frame to which it is attached. Fig. 17 illustrates in front elevation with all working parts in view a simple and convenient form of operating and locking means for use on the sash when the holding device is mounted thereon, a portion of such device and the manner of connecting the lever therewith being also shown, as well as itslocking action, in connection with a stationary locking-abutment attached to the covering part or finishing-trim of the window. Fig. 17 shows the lever for actuating the movable part (1 without any locking-detent. Fig. 18 showsthe same parts as the same are seen looking upward from the lower or bottom edge of the sash with the greater portion of the finishing-trim broken away and the casing in section of the working parts as would be the case in practice. Fig. 19 illustrates this casing and protruding parts in front elevation. Fig. 20 illustrates the form of movable locking-detent seen in Figs. 15, 16, and 17 arranged for application to the opposite edge of the sash from that seen in those figures and with the movable Fig. 21 illustrates a modification of the operating and locking means seen in preceding figures. Fig. 22 shows in section the operating and locking means seen in Fig. 21 on line 22 2:2 thereof. Fig. 23 illustrates another form of operating means than that heretofore shown. Fig. 24 shows a difierent form of oblong opening than heretofore shown. Fig. 25 shows a modified construction of that seen in Fig. 17.

In Figs. 2 to 4-, inclusive, A is the windowframe, provided with a guideway for the sash B to move in the opening and closing directions; 0 is the glass in sash B, and D is the holding device attached to the sash, as there seen. 7 This holding device may be in different forms and dimensions, as desired, and consists of a movable part and a part or parts by which the movable part is secured in working or operative position. The form and dimensions of the movable part are to be such as to bear on the sash at different points along that portion or portions of it which move in the guideway, which I will term the height of the sash, so as to hold the sash firmly against such guideway under the conditions attending its use in railway-cars, and thus exclude dirt and cold at the guideway portions of the sash or along its height. In order that these holding devices may be made of comparatively light, and consequently thin, material, it is desirable that the bearing-points along the height of the sash may be as many as are convenient, and thus the bearing-surface be made substantially continuous, and to do this with light and comparatively thin material the number of points at which the bearingsurface is forced into place should be comparatively close together to prevent the spring,-

ing or bending of the material of the movable part between such points. Of course the stiffer and stronger this movable part is made the farther apart these bearing and holding points may be placed and yet have the sash sufficiently held along its height to accomplish its purpose. The twisting and changing action on the body of the car by the track or road-bed as the car passes over it is such as to tend to change the guideway for the sash relatively thereto, and as the sash tends to resist this action it results that any considerable portion of the sash along its height which is not firmly held to the guideway with sufficient force to cause those portions of the sash in the guideway to move with it leaves a space between the sash and the contacting surface of the guideway more or less for dirt and cold to enter around the edge of the sash. To properly hold the sash to its guideway, at least one of such bearing and holding points must be sufficiently near the extreme bottom and extreme top of the height of the sash "so that the stiifness of the material of the movable part may prevent such portions of the sash leaving the contacting surface of the gnideway under the changing conditions of use. With a sash of comparatively short height and a sufficiently stiff and strong holding device with a bearingsurface of nearly the length of the height of the sash then two of such bearing and holding points may accomplish the purpose; but it is preferred to have more than two such points for each holding device. I have shown five of such points, and there may be more than or less than live used under certain circumstances, as heretofore indicated.

The movable part (Z of the holding device D in Figs. 1 to at above consists of a long and comparatively narrow and thin bar of metal provided with five oblong openings or slots 6, arranged as shown, each of which is adapted to receive a stud 6, one slot and stud being located near the bottom and another near the top of the height of the sash, as seen in Fig. 3, and the other three arranged intermediate of these two. These oblong openings 6, as shown, are arranged at an angle to the length of the bar (I, and as such bar moves up and down on the studs 6' it is moved also sidewise relatively to the studs, or, in other words, the bar d moves in a direction substantially parallel with the angular faces of the openings which contact with the studs 6' when the bar is in its holding position, there being both a lengthwise and a sidewise movement of the bar, the direction of this compound movement being naturally controlled by the direction in which such angular faces are formed, the bar being also free to thus move except for gravity or spring-pressure. That surface of the oblong openings or slots nearest to the surface of the movable bar which contacts with the sash or guideway forms a holdingsurface, and this holding-surface and the conand at the other on the sash or guideway.

The angle of the wedges thus formed maybe of any desired extent adapted to do this work. These studs 6 may be secured in any desired manner to the sash if the holding device is mounted thereon as shown in these figures, where they are shown as screwed directly into the sash; but I prefer to first fix edly secure them to a second bar g, as seen in Fig. 5, and so arranged that one bar (the movable part d) may overlap the second bar 9 to substantially its entire width as the movable bar 61 moves on the second bar g. Then this second bar 9 is secured directly to the sash or to the frame of the window, as de sired-for instance, as shown, wherein the bar 9 is provided with holes g to receive screws, which may, if desired, be passed through holes or openings in the overlapping bar d. If desired, the studs may be placed in the movable bar d and the oblong openings or slots with their holding-surfaces in the bar g, as'seen in Figs. 10 andll, wherein the studs e are thus shown located in the bar (1 with the oblong openings 6 in bar 9 receiving such studs, the bar g being secured to the window sash or frame'in any desired way-as, for instance, as shown or as bar 9 is seen secured in Fig. 5.

It is desirable that a portion of the guideway in which the sash 13 moves shall be composed of metal bars or. rails X, as seen in Figs. 1 to 3, with metal contact-surfaces on the sash, as X and the movable part d; but this is not necessary, as other material may be used, if desired. These rails X may be of the .form seen and besecured to the frame of the window by screws, as shown in Figs. 3 and 7, or they may he of the form and secured in place as seen in Figs. 12, 13, and '14, wherein screw adjusting means are provided for adjusting such rails in posi tion with certainty and ease without removing the screws or other fastenings which secure them in place. In these latter figures therail X is in the form of a bar ofmetal having somewhat oblong .slots .90 to receive the screws which hold the rail in place, with the recesses 00 in the edges of the rail to receive the heads 41: of the screwsafi, mounted in blocks w, attached to the I window-frame independently of the bar or rail X which is also screwed to the same frame by screws passing through slots 00 into the frame. But one of these adjustable rails X is shown, but, if desired, one can be used at each edge ofthe sash in place of the rails (Seen in Fig 2.) The adjustmentof these rails X toward and from the sash is accomplished by turning the screws 01: by the slot shownor by any other convenient means. By this means the dimensions of the guideway may be more or less governed and compensation for wear or other changes in the window provided for. .These adjustable rails X formmeans which may be adjusted as required to makethe sash evenly fill the guideway, such rails being arranged in operative relation with the movable part (bar (1) of .the' holding device.

When the rails X or X are properly adjusted by the foregoing means or otherwise to permit the-sash to move upwardorin the desired direction when the movable bar at is raised or moved away from its contacting rail X or X and to properly hold the sash to its guideway when down or moved toward the rail, the sash can be held therein and then freed more or less from the holding device and its movable part d as the bar is raised or lowered- If desired, a spring K may be connected with this bar cl to assist in its downward or movement toward its holding position, as shown. Any means may be em ployed to move this bar 03 away from its holding position; but'I prefer they form of means shown in Figs 17 and 18, which consist of a lever L, arranged, as shown, to engage with a pin L on the'bar cl and having a suit able portion 1 to actuate it. in one direction and a spring L to return it to-its normal position ready to actuate the bar (1. As

here shown, this lever L is provided with an arm M, which serves as a movable looking detent to positively hold the sash in the closed position. A stationary abutment N for this arm M to engage with is secured to the I covering-strip A", as shown, so that the lever L has to be operated to free the sash from the locking action of this arm M and abutment N before thesash is moved in the opening direction. stud L as shown; but they may be otherwise arranged, if desired, so long as the leveractuates the stud L and bar at to the extent desired to permit the sash to readily move. A finger-piece, as Z, may be provided to aid in raising the sash, or any'other form of fixed handle desired conveniently arranged for this purpose may be employed. This lever L is composed of three parts or arms extending outwardly from its pivotal axis, one of which engages with the stud L, attached to the. bar (1. Another one forms the movable lockingdetent M, and the remaining one scrves to-receive the portion Z, by which the lever Leis actuated by the hand of the operator. As

here shown, these three arms or parts are formed from a single piece, and each is integralwith-the others, andall portions of the lever move in' arcs of circles to unlock the sash and release it from the holding action of the bar; d, and one arm'of this lever has a part or portion Z'in position to receive the hand of the operator to actuate the locking I prefer to arrange the lever L and f Its device or arm M and also the arm which engages with pin L to move bar (1 out'ot its holding position, and hence it is a three-arm lever and is movable as a single piece. Ifdesired, a second locking-arm M in imitation of M may beemployed on-t heopposite edge ofthe sash, so that. both hands may be used in opening the Window. This arm M has a handle portion at, making a lever of it,

or handle pieces to raise it to the desired extent. To close the window, press down on any part of the sash and it will close, owing to the fact that any frictional contact of the bearing-surface on bar d with its portion of the guideway will, by reason of the direction or angle of the oblong openings e, tend in the closing direction to move such bar out of con tact with that portion of the guideway, and the sash is left free to close. In moving the sash in the opening direction the reverse is the case, and a wedging action takes place unless the movable bar d is held sufficiently free of this portion of the guideway by the grasp of the hands on part l in raising the sash. If the locking-arm M is not desired, then it may be omitted, when the lever L will appear, as seen in Fig. 17, which is on a reduced scale, the locking detent or arm M being omitted, and consequently thelever is a two-arm lever, one arm engaging with pin L to operate bar cl to move it out of its holding position and with a portion of its other arm in position to receive the hand of the operator This operating-lever L may take on any. desired shape and dimensions to -suit, so long as it is adapted to do the work done by the lever L in the construction shown-as, for instance, it may reach to or near the center of the width of the sash and be operated by a separate device, as shown in Fig. 21. In Fig. 21 a lever P (shown in dotted lines) is mounted on a plate 21, which is mounted on the front of the bottom rail ofthe sash, as shown, and this lever extends from the movable part d of the holding device toward the center of the width of the sash. A spring P engages with d and exerts its stress to move (Z into the holding position. A second lever Q is pivoted at p to move in a plane at right angles to lever P, and a spring Q engages with the end q of the lever Q, as seen in Fig. 22, and its stress tends to move the end g of lever Q away from lever P. This lever Q is, in efiect, a three arm lever, and in this respect is the same as lever L in Fig. 17that is, there is the end or arm q of lever Q, which engages with lever P to move the movable part (1 of the holding device up and away form its holding position, the arm g has a part adapted to receive the hand of the operator and to move the lever as a whole, and the arm (1 which serves as a lockingdetent to lock the sash in the closed position, which portion engages with the fixed abutment or detent Q secured to the frame of the window. The upward movement of the handle-arm q of lever Q, causes the arm q to depress that part of lever P with which it engages, and such movement also causes the arm (1 of lever Q to move out of engagement with the fixed detent Q this occurring, if desired, before lever P has moved movable part (Z, the same as in case of lever L in Fig. 17, or otherwise, as desired. In this construction, as in that shown in Fig. 17, the sash is unlocked and the movable part (1 of the holding device is moved upward and away from its holding position by a three-arm 1ever, moving as a single piece moves, which is provided with a part adapted to receive the hand of the operator.

Instead of constructing the locking and op erating means in the form of a three-arm lever, as shown in Fig. 17, it may be constructed in two parts, one part actuating the movable bar (1 of the holding device and the other part actuating the locking-detent, as shown in Fig. 25. As here shown, the two parts or levers T and T are mounted on the same pivot, but they maybe mounted in any desired manner known to mechanics. The lever T carries the locking arm or detent t, and it has a part i at its other end adapted to receive the hand of the operator, this end of the lever extending toward the center of the width of the sash. The lever T has one end arranged to engage with the movable part d of the holding device, as shown, and the lever extends from such part d toward the center of the width of the sash, as at and in position for the lever T to contact therewith upon its movement in that direction. As shown, the lever T moves'some little before it contacts with lever T and then upon continuing its movement it moves lever T with it, thus accomplishing the same work as is accomplished by preceding constructions. In this construction, as in preceding ones, the locking device moves as a single piece and it is connected with the operating means for the holding device, and the movement of the locking device actuates the movable part of the holding device, and such locking device may control the operating means for the holding device by actuating the same, and both T and T move in arcs of circles the same as if they were integralv one with the other. Therefore when both are moved they are movable as a single piece or the same as if one was intogral with the other, and a part is provided to receive the hand of the operator, as in Figs. 17, 21, and 22.

Instead of mounting the holding device on the sash, as heretofore shown, it may, if desired, be mounted on the window-frame, as indicated in Fig. 15. When thus mounted, the holding device is turned end for end, and

- the bearing-surface, whatever its shape may be, is formed on the opposite edge of the movable part, and the holding-surfaces of the holding device will be arranged as shown in Fig. 16, with the heel of the wedge downward instead of upward, as when the holding d of' Fig. 16 in a direction for its stress to ing surfaces.

work of the holding device.

device is mounted on the sash. The holding action is the same in both cases. A spring (not shown) engages with the movable part lift 61 and hold the'holdingsurfaces 6 in wedging engagement 'with the studs e in a manner-similar to the way in which the corresponding holding-surfaces are held in engagement with their coacting studs in some of the preceding figures.

Any convenient means may be employed to actuate the movable holding part (1 which is moved downward to move it away from its holding position instead of upward, as be,- fore-as, for instance, a'simple knob S, attached directly thereto, as seen in .Fig. 23.

By pressing down on this knob S the sash is freed from the holding action of the holding device, and if automatic raising means be employed the sash will immediately open; but if such means be not employed then the sash can be raised in the ordinary way, as by hand.

The inclined holding-surfaces may be arranged at somewhat different angles to the length of the movable part or baras, for instance, as seen in Fig. 8. The more acute the angle the greater the distance the bar moves tomove it a given distance in an edgewise direction, and consequently the thinner the heels of the wedges formed by such'hold- The desirable angle will be that which gives the requisite holding action and at the same time therequisite freedom of movement of the part in a sidewise direction.

In Fig. 8 the movable bar is marked d", the studs 2 and the holding-surfaces 6 the holding-s11 rfaces or oblong openings being in the bar d and the studs e in the bar g. The mode of operation in this construction is essentially the same as in preceding figures. Again, if desired,'instead of having a continuous bearing-surface on the movable part of the holding device to hold the sash in its guideway, as shown in some of the preceding tigures it maybe more orless removed, as indicated in Fig. 9, so long as the remaining portions are sufficiently close together and are of sufficient extent to properly do the 4 The inclined holding-surfaces s and the coacting studs 3' in this construction (seen in Fig. 9) coact together in the same way as the corresponding parts do in preceding figures. As here shown, other portions of the movable part of the holding device are removed than simply portions of the bearing-surface, and this part or their narrowest direction, if such openingsbe used, as shown in some of the preceding figures, but may be of the shape and relation shown in Fig. '24 or otherwise, as desired. These studs may be ofany desired shape-as, for instance, as indicated in Fig. 15 the essential thing being that the studs and holding-su rfaces shall be such as to coact one with the other, as heretofore described.

The stud in Fig. 24 is designated as a and the. opening as e and the movablebar of the holding device as d.

V In Fig. l5 the bar is designated as 01", the stud as 6 and the opening as a In each of the hereinbefore-suggested modifications the mode of operation of the holding device is not changed, but remains substantially the same, and so long as this is the case anymodifications desired can be made in any of the parts. and the manner of mounting them without departing from the principle of my invention. Among other things, two of these holding devices may be employed for a single sash, one at eaehside of the window, as shown in Fig. 16,wherein the bearing-surfaces of such devices are changed in shape from those heretofore shown; but the mode of operation remains the same as before. The parts are here seen in cross-section with portions of the sash broken away to enable the parts to be shown scale than otherwise.

The holding device D at the right-hand portion of Fig. 16 has a movablepart or bar on a larger (1 and the-device D at the left has a cone sponding part d and each has a series of studs and a series of coacting holding-surfaces, as before explained, which arearranged to exert their wedging action as the sash moves in the opening direction, and such movable parts or bars may be connected together so as to operate simultaneously in any desired manneras, for instance, by a pair of levers arranged in the sill of the window, each of which is provided with an I elbow-1e ver and actuated as shown in Letters Patent No. 655,332, granted to me'and dated August 7, 1900, a spring (not shown) being provided for each to operate thereon, as before explained.

In Fig. 5 the bar g is shown as provided with a series of five holes, by which it may be screwed to the sash or window-frame. The movable bar or part 01 can be moved upward sufficiently to expose the lowermost oneof these holes, so that it may receive a screw to help secure such bar in place. This bar 01 at its uppermost end is cut out to permit the screw for that end of bar 9- being inserted therein and driven to place without hindrance from bar cl. The bar at between its ends is provided with a series of holes, as shown, and which register with the holes in bar g to receive the remaining screws for securing the bar gin place. When these several screws are in place, the bar d is free to move as before, and the holes or openings therein permit the holding device as a whole to be placed in position and secured in place, while the two bars more or less overlap one another.

In Fig. 9 the removed portions of the movable part or bar (Z it two bars be used, likewise provide openings in bar (1 to give access to the screws there shown to secure the holding device in place, this being accomvplished by moving bar (Z upward sufficiently for this purpose, or the screws may beinserted in g without moving bar (1 by placing them relatively to the studs, as indicated by dotted circle at the lower end of such Fig. 9. Instead of placing the studs in the bar, if two bars be used, fixedly secured to the sash or frame such studs may be placed in the movable bar with the coacting holdingsurfaces formed on the fixedly-secured bar-- as, for instance, as seen in Figs. 10 and 11. The movable bar or part is designated as d, the studs on bar (Z 6 and the inclined holding-surfaces as c The operation is the same in this construction as in preceding figures.

In Fig. 16 the movable part or bar d has its openings which register with the holes in bar g placed at the ends of the oblong openings therein which form the inclined holding-surfaces; but here as well as elsewhere the openings in 'the movable part permit of the holding device being secured in place while it more or less overlaps the bar to which it may be held inoperative relation to the window. This permits, when the two bars are used, of placing the movable part of the holding device in a definite position relatively to the other portions of the sash and securing the same in such position without removing such movable part from its working position on the sash and likewise permits of the working portion being open to inspection while the holding device is placed in position and then to be hidden from view by the covering of the same by the trim of the window whenitis placedin position. Furthermore, such working portion ofthe device is not connected or secured to the part of the trim which covers it, whether the holding device be placed on the sash or the frame of the window, and hence is not held in place thereby, as would'be the case if such device were secured to such portion of the trim and the trim secured to the frame.

By the term series I wish to be understood as referring to two or more thingsas, for instance,two holding-surfaces or two studs would be a series, and such would also be the case if three or more such surfaces, studs, or other things were constructed so as to have a given relation to some other thing or to serve a similar function or functions to some other part or thing.

It will be observed that the bar of my sashholding device,wl1ich is provided with a bearing-surface, holds the sash by a wedging acreeaoe movable in a lengthwise and a sidewlse direction simultaneously and may be moved by gravity or spring-pressure, or both combined, into position to thus hold the sash, such bar being at all, times free and uncontrolled by any other devices than the holding-surfaces and the studs except when it is to be moved outof its wedging or holding position. 0onsequently the wedging or holding action of this bar does not grow less in use from wear and the twisting or crowding action upon it caused by the movements of the car-body in passing over the track, and the tendency is for this wedging action to increase slightly, even upon the wear or upon any yielding of the means by which this bar is secured to the window. This construction also permits the instant taking up of anyyielding of the guideway tending to loosen the sash therein caused by the twisting action of the car-body, and thus tends to make the sash follow the movements ofthe guideway as it is moved by the twisting and changing movements of the car-body and thus to keep the sash firmly held to the guideway, which is due to the fact that such bar is at all times free and uncontrolled by other devices than the holding-surfaces and coacting studs. This construction of bar, holding-surfaces, and studs does not require any looking or holding device or devices to hold the bar in its wedging or holding position against force applied to the sash itself through the twisting and changing movements of the car-body or otherwise, as the tendency of the construction is to in and of itself resist movement by force applied to the sash as fully as it is by force applied to the guideway, and therefore other and separate looking or holding means would be useless, in fact worse than useless, because they would tend to interfere with this free and uncontrolled movement of the bar into its full wedging or holding position. It is also to be observed that-the movable lockingdetent in each of the constructions shown is so formed that it is movable as a single piecethat is, in the same directions as a piece moves where all portions are integral with all other portions-whether such locking detent or device is a two-arm ora three-arm lever, a three-arm lever being shown in Figs. 17, 21, and 22 and a two-arm lever being shown in Fig. 25, and in each case a portion of one of these arms is adapted to receive the hand of the operator to actuate such locking devices 01- detents. In Fig. 25 the two-arm lever constitutes the locking device of that construction, while in the constructions shown in Figs. 17, 21, and 22 the locking device or detent is composed of the arm which engages with the window-frame to lock and unlock the sash and the arm which is adapted to receive the hand of the operator to actuate the locking detent or arm. Hence these are the two arms of the threearm levers which constitute the locking detion firmly in its guideway, and yet is freely 1 Vice of these latter constructions.

I have herein shown and described different constructionsand arrangements of holding-surfaces and studs, in each of which the bar of my sash-holding device is at all times, except when the sash is to be opened or closed, free to move into the wedging or hold ing position and which is also,except as above, uncontrolled by any other locking or holding means than such holding-surfaces and studs. Each construction and arrangement illustrates the principle of two or more wedges formed upon a bar which is provided with a bearing-surface, which bar is arranged in such coacting relations with two or more studs that such bar is at all times free to move into the wedging or holding position and uncontrolled by other looking or holding means than the wedging holding-surfaces and studs except when the sash is to be opened and closed. Hence I do not wish to limit my invention to the specific examples or illustions herein shown and described, but wish tobe understood as including all constructions and arrangements of holding-surfaces 1 the several claims forming a part of this speci set forth, consisting of a bar provided with a fication.

What I claim as new is- 1. A sash-holding device, substantially as set forth, consisting of a bar provided with a bearing-surface, a series of holding-surfaces, each of which is arranged at an angle to the length of the bar, and a series of studs ar ranged in coacting relation to the holding-surfaces, a portion of which are adapted to be immovably secured to the 'window and another portionof whichare adapted to be immovably secured to the bar, which is free to move in both lengthwise and sidewise directions in accordance with the angle of the holding-surfaces, whereby the bar may be movably secured in operative position on the window.

2. A sash-holding device, substantially as bearing-surface, a series of holding-surfaces, each of which is arranged at an angle to the length of the bar, and a series otstuds arranged in coacting relation to the holding-surfaces, with one of these two series adapted to be immovably secured to the window and the other series adapted to be immovably secured to the bar, which is free to move in both lengthwise and sidewise directions'in accordance with the angle of the holding-surfaces,

, whereby the bar may be movably securedin operative position on the window.

3. A sash-holding device, substantially asset t'orth, consisting of a bar provided with two or more Wedges with their small ends pointing in the same direction, one surface of each wedge adapted to form apart of a bearing-surface for the bar and the opposite surface of each wedge adapted toform a holding-surface, and two or more studs arranged in coacting relations to the holding-surfaces on the wedges and adapted to be immovably secured to the window, the bar and wedges being free to move in both lengthwise and sidewise directions in accordance with the angles of the holding-surfaces on the wedges,

whereby the bar may be movably secured in wedging position on the window.

4. A sash-holding device, substantially as set forth, consisting of a bar provided with a bearing-surface at one edge and a series of oblong openings arranged at an angle to the length of the bar, and a series of studs adapted to be received by the oblong openings in the bar and be immovably secured to the window, the bar being free to move relatively to the window in a direction substantially parallel with the angles of the openings in the bar into its holding position, whereby the bar tends to move into its holding position, except the sash is to be moved in the opening or closing directions.

5. A sash-holding device, substantially as set forth, consisting of a-bar provided with a bearing-surface, a series of holding-surfaces,

each of which is arr'angedat an angle to the length of the bar, and a series of studs arranged in coactin g relation to the holding-surfaces, the holding and bearing surfaces forming wedges which are so arranged relatively to the studs as to adapt them to" force the barv with increased force into its holding position by force applied to the sash in its opening di rection, when the device is in operative posi tion on a window.

6. A sash-holding device, substantially as setforth, consisting of two bars, one of which is provided with a series of holding-surfaces each of which is arranged at an angle to the length of such bar, the other bar being provided with a seriesof studs arranged in coacting relation to the holding-surfaces, and one bar free to move relatively to the other and the window in adirection substantially parallel with the angular holding-surfaces into its holding'position, the movable bar having a bearing-surface, whereby the movable bar may be secured in operative relation to ,the window and is free to move into its holding position and to be held there by the studs.

7. A sash-holding device, substantially as set fortlnconsi'sting of two'bars, one of which is provided with a series of oblong openings, each of which is arranged at an angle tothe length of such bar, the other bar being provided with a series of studs arranged in coacting relation to the oblong openings, one of which bars is movable relatively to the other and is provided with a bearingsurface, the oblong openings and the bearing -s urface formingwedges, the movable bar being free to move and arranged relatively to the studs to adapt them to force the movable bar with increased force into its holding position by force applied to the sash in its opening direction when the device is in operative position on a window.

8. A sash-holding device, substantially as set forth, consisting of two bars, one of which is adapted to be immovably secured on the window, the other being movable relatively thereto, and is of substantially the length of the height of the sash the device is to hold, one of such bars being provided with a series of holding-surfaces arranged at an angle to the length of the bar and the other bar being provided with a series of studs arranged in coacting relation to the holding-surfaces, the movable bar being free to move relatively to the other and the window in a direction substantially parallel with the angular holdingsurfaces into its holding position, and is provided with a bearing-surface, whereby the movable bar may be secured in operative relation to the window and is free to move into its holding position and be held there by the studs.

9. A sash-holding device, substantially as set forth, consisting of two bars of substantially the same width, one of which is movable relatively to the other, one bar being provided with a series of holding-surfaces arranged at an angle to the length of such bar and the other bar being provided with a series of studs arranged in coacting relation to the holding-surfaces and relatively to the firstnamed bar, so as to permit one bar to sub stantially overlap the other, and the movable bar is free to move relatively to the other and the window in a direction substantially parallel with the angular holding-surfaces into its holding position, whereby the movable bar may be secured in operative relation to the window and is free to move into its holding position and be held there by the studs.

10. A sash-holding device, substantially as set forth, consisting of a bar provided with a bearing-surface, a series of holding-surfaces, each of which is arranged at an angle to the length of the bar, a series of studs arranged in coacting relation to the holding-surfaces, with. the bar free to move relatively to the window in a direction substantially parallel with the angular holding-surfaces into its holding position, and a spring arranged to engage with the bar whose stress tends to move the bar into the holding position.

11. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame, a guideway in the frame, a sash adapted to move in the guideway in the opening and closing directions, a holding device mounted on the sash consisting of a bar provided with a bearingsurface, a series of holding-surfaces, each of which is arranged at an angle to the length of the bar, a series of studs arranged in coacting relation to the holding-surfaces, with the bar free to move relatively to the window in a direction substantially parallel with the angular holding-surfaces into its holding position.

12. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame, a sash adapted to move in the gnideway in the opening and closing directions, a holding device mounted on the sash consisting of a bar provided with abearing-surface,aseries ofholding-surfaces, each of which is arranged at an angle to the length of the bar, a series of studs arranged in coacting relation to the holding-surfaces, with the bar free to move relatively to the sash in a direction substantially parallel with the angular holding-surfaces into its holding position, and operating means connected with the bar and extending toward the center of the sash with a part in position to receive the hand of the operator.

13. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame, a sash adapted to move in the guideway in the opening and closing directions, a holding device mounted on the sash consisting of a bar provided with a bearing-surface,a series of holding-surfaces, each of which is arranged at an angle to the length of the bar, a series of studs arranged in coacting relation to the holding-surfaces, with the bar free to move relatively to the sash in a direction substantially parallel with the angular holding-surfaces into its holding position, and operating means consisting of a lever, one arm of which is adapted to engage with the bar to move it out of its holding position and its other arm in position to receive the hand of the operator.

14. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame, a guideway in the frame, a sash adapted to move in the guideway in opening and closing directions, and a lot-king device, the movable portions of which move in the same directions, mounted on the sash, which portions are movable thereon as a single piece, with a part in position to receive the hand of the operator.

15. In a window the combination, substantially-as set forth, of a frame, a guideway in the frame, a sash adapted to move in the guideway in opening and closing directions, afriction holding device mounted on the sash, a locking device, the movable portions of which move in the same directions, also mounted on the sash, which portions are movable thereon as a single piece, and operating means for the holding device connecting with a movable portion of the locking device, whereby the operating means may be actuated by a movable portion of the locking device.

16. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame, a guideway in the frame, a sash adapted to move in the guideway in opening and closing directions,

a friction holding device mountedon the sash, 1 a lockin g device, and operating meansfor the a holding device connected with the movable; portions of the locking device, both of which i are movably mounted on the sash, the movable portions of which are movable as a single pieceand are provided with a part in po- I v be passed through the registering holes in the sition to'receive the hand of theoperator.

17. In a window the combination, substan- 3 tially as set forth, of a frame, a guideway in Y the frame, a sash adapted to move in the guideway in the opening and closing directions, a friction holding device mounted on the sash, a locking device and operating means for the holding device having the form of a three-arm lever movably mountedon the sashwith apart to receive the hand of the operator.

18. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, ofa frame, a guideway in the frame,,a sash adapted to move in the guideway in the opening and closing directions, a friction holding device mounted on the sash, a locking device and operating means for the holding device in the form of a three-arm lever movably mounted on the sash with one arm forming the locking-detent, a second arm connecting with a fixed portion of the movable part of theholding device to actuate the same and the third arm extending toward the center of the sash with a part to receive the hand of the operator.

19. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame, a guideway in the frame, a sash adapted to move in the guideway in the opening and closing directions, a holding device consisting of a bar provided with a bearing-surface, a series of the length of the bar and the other bar proholding-surfaces each of which is arranged at an angle to the length of the bar, a series of studs arranged in coacting relation to the holding-surfaces with the bar free to move relatively to the window in a direction substantially parallel with the angular holdingsurfaces into its holding position, the holding device being mounted on the sash within the space occupied by the trim of the window.

20. In a window the combination, substan tially as set forth, of a frame, a guideway in the frame, a sash adapted to move in the guideway in theopening and closing directions, a holding device consisting of two bars one of which is movable relatively to theother, and is provided at. one edge with a bearingsurface, a series of holding-surfaces formed on one bar and a series of studs on the other bar, the series of holding-surfaces being arranged at an angle to the length of the bar and in coacting relation to the studs, the holding device being mounted on the sash within the space occupied by'the trim of the window. I

21. Asash-holding device, substantially as set forth, of two bars of substantially the same width, one bar provided with a series of holding-surfaces arranged at an angle to .videdlwith a series'of studs-arranged in colacting relation to the.'holding-snrfacesfand for one bar to partially overlap the other and both bars provided with a series of holes which may be made to register one with the other by the movement of one barrelatively to the other, whereby fastening devices may ,window upon the movement of the movable bar relatively to the other bar and means by which the movable bar is movably secured to such other bar, whereby the two bars may be secured in operative relation to the window when the two bars more or, less overlap one another.

23. A sash-holding device, substantially as, set forth, consisting of twobars, one bar provided wit-ha series of oblong openings arranged at an angle to the length of the bar, the other bar provided with a series of studs arranged in coacting relation to theoblong openings and also provided with a series of holes adapted to secure such bar in operative relation to the Window, which holes register more or less with the oblong openings, whereby the securing means may be passed through portions of such oblong openings and the holdingdevice may be secured in operative relation to the window.

24;. In a window the combination, substan tially as set forth, of a frame, a guideway in the frame, a sash adapted to move in the guideway in the opening and closing directions, a holding device consisting of two bars, one bar provided with a series of holdingsurfaces arranged at an angle to the length of the bar and the other bar provided with a series of'studs arranged in coacting relation to the holding-surfaces and so that one bar is movable relatively to the other and more or less overlaps the same, 'a series'of holes in one bar adaptedto secure it in operative relation to the guideway and a series of openings in the overlapping bar and adapted to register with the holes in theother bar by more or less movement of the overlapping and movable bar, the holding device being mounted on the sash within the space occupied by the trim of the window. 7

25. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, ofa frame, a guideway in the frame, a portion of which is movable relatively to another portion, a sash adapted to move in the guideway in the opening and closing directions, a holding device mounted on the sash and provided with a part movable relatively to the sash and adjusting means iiLO arranged in operative relation to the movable portion of the 'guideway, whereby the sash may be made to substantially fill all portions of the guideway and be held therein by the holding device.

26. In a window the combination, substantially asset forth, of a frame, a guideway in the frame, a sash adapted to move in the guideway in the opening and closing directions, a holding device mounted on the sash and provided with a movable part, and means arranged in operative relation to the movable part of the holding device, which means may be adjusted, whereby the sash may be made to evenly fill the guideway and be held therein by the holding device.

27. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame, a guidev'vay in the frame, a portion of which is movable relatively to another portion, a sash adapted to move in the guideway in the opening and closing directions, a holding device mounted on the sash and provided with a part movable relatively to the sash and adjusting means arranged in operative relation to the movable portion of the guideway, the holding device, movable portion of the guideway and adjusting means being mounted within the space occupied by the trim of the window.

28. In a window the combination, substantially as set forth, of a frame, a guideway in the frame, a portion at each side of the frame movable relatively to another portion, a sash adapted to move in the guideway in the opening and closing directions, a holding device mounted on the sash and provided with a part movable relatively to the sash and adj usting means arranged in operative relation to each movable portion of the guideway, the holding device, the movable portions of the guideway and adjusting means being mounted Within the space occupied by the trim of the window.

OLIVER M. EDWARDS.

Vitnesses:

MARTEN J. W. ATLEY. DANIEL M. EDWARDS. 

